Prostate cancer in Singapore is the most common cancers affecting men. It develops in the prostate gland, a small organ located below the bladder that produces seminal fluid. While some cases of prostate cancer grow slowly and remain confined to the gland, others can be aggressive and spread quickly.
Early detection plays a crucial role in successful treatment and survival rates. However, many men do not experience symptoms in the early stages, making regular screenings essential.
If you are above 50 years old, or at higher risk due to family history or lifestyle factors, it is important to understand the risks, symptoms, and treatment options available for prostate cancer in Singapore.
Prostate Cancer Singapore Statistics
The Singapore Cancer Registry statistics show that indicates that this is the most common cancer among men (2018-2022), with cases increasing over the years. Some key statistics include:
- Prostate cancer accounts for over 17% of all cancers diagnosed in men in Singapore.
- Over 1,500 new cases are diagnosed annually.
- The risk increases with age, especially after 50 years old.
- While early-stage prostate cancer has a high survival rate, advanced cases are more difficult to treat.
Despite its prevalence, awareness remains low, and many men do not seek screening until symptoms appear. However, with regular health check-ups, prostate cancer can be detected early and treated effectively.
Causes & Risk Factors
The exact cause of prostate cancer is not fully understood, but certain risk factors increase the likelihood of developing the disease.
1. Age
- The risk increases significantly after 50.
- More than 80% of cases occur in men over 60.
2. Family History & Genetics
- Men with a family history of the cancer have a higher risk.
- Certain genetic mutations (such as BRCA1 or BRCA2) may contribute to the disease.
- In Singapore, Chinese men have double the risk compared to Malays and Indians.
3. Diet & Lifestyle Factors
- A diet high in red meat and processed foods may increase risk.
- Obesity and lack of exercise can also contribute.
- Excessive alcohol and smoking.
4. Hormonal Changes
- Higher levels of testosterone may fuel the growth of prostate cancer cells.
- Conditions affecting hormone balance, such as metabolic syndrome, could play a role.
Understanding these factors can help men take proactive steps to reduce their risk.
Symptoms Of Prostate Cancer
Early-stage prostate cancer often has no symptoms, which is why regular screening is vital. However, as the disease progresses, men may experience:
- Frequent urination, especially at night
- Weak or interrupted urine flow
- Difficulty starting or stopping urination
- Pain or burning sensation when urinating
- Blood in urine or semen
- Erectile dysfunction
- Unexplained weight loss and fatigue
These symptoms can also indicate non-cancerous prostate conditions, such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) or prostatitis. However, any persistent symptoms should be evaluated by a urologist.
Screening & Prevention
How Is Prostate Cancer Detected?
Early detection through screening tests significantly increases the chances of successful treatment. The two primary tests used for prostate cancer screening in Singapore are:
- Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test – A blood test that measures PSA levels, which may be elevated in men with prostate cancer.
- Digital Rectal Examination (DRE) – A doctor checks for prostate abnormalities by feeling the gland through the rectum.
Men over 50 (or 40 if at higher risk) should speak to their doctor about regular screenings.
Prevention Tips
While it cannot always be prevented, making healthy choices can lower the risk:
- Maintain A Healthy Diet – Eat fruits, vegetables, and foods rich in antioxidants.
- Exercise Regularly – Staying active supports overall prostate health.
- Limit Red Meat & Dairy – Excessive consumption has been linked to higher cancer risk.
- Quit Smoking & Reduce Alcohol Intake – Both contribute to inflammation and increased cancer risk.
Prostate Cancer Treatments
Treatment options depend on the stage of cancer, patient’s overall health, and personal preferences. In Singapore, common treatment methods include:
1. Active Surveillance (For Low-Risk Cases)
Some early-stage prostate cancers grow very slowly. In such cases, doctors may monitor the condition rather than treating it immediately.
2. Surgery (Radical Prostatectomy)
- The entire prostate gland is removed.
- Suitable for localised cancer (has not spread beyond the original site).
- Minimally invasive options, such as robotic-assisted surgery, are available.
3. Radiation Therapy
- Uses high-energy rays to destroy cancer cells.
- Effective for localised or advanced cancer.
- Can be combined with hormone therapy.
4. Hormone Therapy
- Reduces testosterone levels, slowing cancer growth.
- Used in advanced cases or alongside radiation therapy.
5. Chemotherapy & Immunotherapy
- Used when cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
- Newer treatments like targeted therapy and immunotherapy are available in Singapore.
Costs Of Diagnosis And Treatment
The cost of prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment in Singapore varies depending on the hospital, treatment type, and patient’s insurance coverage. The estimated costs below are for reference:
- PSA Test & Consultation: S$100 – S$150
- Prostate Biopsy: S$4,200
- Surgery (Radical Prostatectomy): S$55,000 – S$65,000
- Radiation Therapy: S$25,000 – S$30,000
- Hormone Therapy: S$800 – S$2,000 per month
- Chemotherapy & Advanced Treatments: S$4,000 – S$5,000 per month
Many insurance plans, MediSave, and government subsidies can help cover costs. It is advisable to discuss financial planning with a medical provider.
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FAQs About Prostate Cancer In Singapore
1. At What Age Should I Start Prostate Cancer Screening?
Men should consider PSA testing and DRE screenings from age 50. Those with a family history should begin at 40.
2. Is It Always Fatal?
No. Early-stage prostate cancer has a high survival rate, especially if treated promptly.
3. Can Lifestyle Changes Prevent Prostate Cancer?
A healthy diet, regular exercise, and avoiding smoking can lower the risk, but screening remains crucial for early detection.
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