Headache, Vomiting, Child Complaints You Should Not Ignore

Headache, Vomiting Child – When To Worry

Every parent faces moments of concern when their child wakes up complaining of a headache or vomiting. While these symptoms are often caused by common illnesses like infections or migraines, persistent or repeated headache and vomiting in a child can be a red flag for something more serious such as a brain tumour.

Among the different types of childhood brain tumours, medulloblastoma is the most common malignant one. It primarily affects children between the ages of 3 and 8, and is slightly more common in boys.

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What Is Medulloblastoma

Medulloblastoma is a fast-growing cancer that begins in the cerebellum, the part of the brain responsible for balance and coordination. As the tumour grows, it increases pressure inside the skull, leading to symptoms like:

• Morning headaches
• Repeated or unexplained vomiting
• Unsteady walking or clumsiness
• Blurred or double vision
• Sudden changes in behaviour or energy levels

In Singapore, medulloblastoma accounts for around 40% of all childhood brain tumours, and more than 70% of paediatric medulloblastomas are diagnosed in children under the age of 10. Though rare overall, it is the most common malignant brain tumour in children.

When Would A Doctor Suspect A Brain Tumour?

If a child presents with persistent symptoms over several days or weeks, especially in combination—like headache with vomiting or balance issues, a doctor may suspect raised intracranial pressure.

The GP will assess:

• Duration and pattern of symptoms
• Neurological signs such as eye movement or reflexes
• Growth charts, development milestones, and behavioural changes

If concerns arise, the child will be referred urgently for imaging tests such as an MRI or CT scan, which can reveal a tumour in the brain.

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Who Treats Brain Tumours In Children?

Children diagnosed with brain tumours like medulloblastoma are referred to a paediatric oncologist and a paediatric neurosurgeon. They work as part of a multidisciplinary team that may also include radiologists, radiation oncologists, nurses, psychologists, and rehabilitation specialists.

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Treatment And Chances Of Cure

Treatment for medulloblastoma typically involves:

1. Surgery – To remove as much of the tumour as possible.
2. Radiotherapy – Usually given after surgery, especially for children over age 3.
3. Chemotherapy – Used alongside radiotherapy or after surgery to reduce the chance of recurrence.

Thanks to advances in medical science, the 5-year survival rate for standard-risk medulloblastoma is approximately 70–85%, especially when caught early. However, long-term side effects on learning, growth, and hearing may occur depending on treatment intensity and age at diagnosis.

Do Not Ignore Symptoms

If your child experiences recurrent headaches and vomiting, especially in the morning, do not ignore it. These symptoms may be subtle signs of a serious condition like medulloblastoma. Early detection and treatment greatly improve outcomes.

If in doubt, consult your doctor. They can evaluate the symptoms and refer your child for further tests or a specialist if needed.

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