Stomach cancer is a top 10 cancer in Singapore. However, advances in medical science have introduced powerful tools to detect it early and guide treatment. Two important tools are DNA tests and biomarker tests. If you’re wondering how these tests work and why they matter, this guide will help you understand their purpose and process.
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What Is A DNA Test For Stomach Cancer?
A DNA test looks at the unique genetic code inside your cells to find changes that might increase your risk of developing stomach cancer. Some of these changes, called mutations, can be inherited from your parents. This is called germline genetic testing.
For example, mutations in the CDH1 gene can greatly increase the chance of hereditary diffuse gastric cancer. This is a form of stomach cancer often seen in families.
Doctors recommend a DNA test if you have:
- A family history of stomach cancer
- Early onset of stomach cancer (before 50)
- Multiple family members with related cancers
The DNA test itself is usually a simple blood or saliva test where your DNA is extracted and checked for specific mutations. The results can help assess your cancer risk and guide preventive actions or increased monitoring.
What Are Biomarker Tests?
While DNA tests look at inherited risk, biomarker tests examine the actual cancer cells or your blood to find certain molecules or markers related to the tumour. These biomarkers give critical information about the cancer’s behaviour and what treatments might work best.
Common biomarkers for stomach cancer include:
- HER2: A protein that, if present in high amounts, means the cancer may respond well to specific targeted drugs like trastuzumab.
- PD-L1: Helps predict whether immunotherapy drugs will be effective.
- Microsatellite Instability (MSI): Indicates if the cancer has genetic damage that could also make immunotherapy helpful.
- CEA and CA72-4: These tumour markers measured in blood can help monitor cancer presence.
Biomarker testing is usually done on tissue samples from a biopsy or surgery. Sometimes blood tests can detect these markers, offering a less invasive option.
Emerging Blood-Based Biomarker Tests
Singapore has pioneered new blood tests like GASTROClear. This is a blood test which detect small molecules called microRNAs that are linked to the early stages of stomach cancer. This test allows doctors to screen people at risk with just a simple blood sample. There is no need for invasive scans or procedures initially (followup investigations such as a gastroscopy may still be required if the assessed risk of cancer from the test is high.
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Why Are These Tests Important?
- Early Detection: DNA and biomarker tests can reveal risks or cancer presence before symptoms appear.
- Personalised Treatment: Knowing a tumour’s unique markers means doctors can choose the most effective therapy, increasing success rates.
- Family Awareness: DNA test results can help family members understand their own risks and take preventive measures.
Our Preferred Doctors For Stomach Cancer Treatment
If you wish to consult a specialist on your stomach cancer concerns, you can consider our Preferred Doctors:
Dr Kim Guowei
[SG] Featured Doctor- Dr Kevin Koo
Getting A DNA Test Or Biomarker Test In Singapore
Hospitals and private clinics in Singapore offer both genetic and biomarker testing for stomach cancer. Innovative local companies like MiRXES have developed advanced tests such as GASTROClear, reflecting Singapore’s status at the forefront of cancer diagnostics.
Understanding how DNA tests and biomarker tests work empowers you to take control of your health. If you have a family history of stomach cancer or want to explore early detection options, talk to a healthcare provider about available tests in Singapore today. Early knowledge can save lives.
Contact UsPreferred Doctors: Dr Kim Guowei (General Surgeon – Stomach)
Preferred Doctors: Dr Juanda Leo Hartono (Gastroenterologist)
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