Everything You Need To Know About Low Blood Pressure

Low blood pressure, medically known as hypotension, is a condition where the force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries is lower than the normal range. While high blood pressure is a frequent topic of concern, blood pressure that is too low can also cause significant health issues, ranging from temporary dizziness to life-threatening shock.

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What Is Low Blood Pressure?

Blood pressure is measured using two numbers: systolic pressure (the pressure when the heart beats) and diastolic pressure (the pressure when the heart rests). In Singapore, a reading is generally considered to be low blood pressure if it falls below 90/60 mmHg.

This condition is often defined by the presence of symptoms rather than a specific number alone. Some individuals may naturally have lower readings without any ill effects, whereas for others, the same reading could indicate an underlying medical problem.

What Are The Symptoms?

For many people, the condition goes unnoticed. However, when the pressure is insufficient to deliver enough oxygenated blood to the brain and other organs, you may experience:

• Dizziness or light-headedness.
• Fainting (syncope).
• Blurred or fading vision.
• Nausea.
• Fatigue or lack of concentration.
• Cold, clammy, and pale skin.

In severe cases, hypotension can lead to shock, which is a medical emergency characterised by confusion, rapid and shallow breathing, and a weak, thready pulse.

What Are The Causes?

Low blood pressure can be caused by various factors, ranging from temporary lifestyle changes to chronic medical conditions. Common causes include:

• Dehydration: When the body loses more water than it takes in, blood volume decreases, leading to a drop in pressure.
• Heart Problems: Conditions such as an extremely low heart rate (bradycardia), heart valve problems, or heart failure can prevent the heart from pumping enough blood.
• Endocrine Issues: Problems with the thyroid or adrenal glands (such as Addison’s disease) can disrupt blood pressure regulation.
• Blood Loss: Significant internal or external bleeding reduces blood volume sharply.
• Pregnancy: The circulatory system expands rapidly during pregnancy, which often causes blood pressure to drop.
• Medications: Certain drugs, including diuretics, alpha-blockers, and some antidepressants, can lower blood pressure as a side effect.

How Is Low Blood Pressure Diagnosed And Measured?

The primary tool for diagnosis is a blood pressure monitor (sphygmomanometer). To determine the cause of low blood pressure, a doctor may perform:

1. Blood Tests: To check for anaemia, blood sugar levels, or hormonal imbalances.
2. Electrocardiogram (ECG): To detect irregularities in heart rhythm or structure.
3. Tilt Table Test: Used if you experience fainting; it measures how your body reacts to changes in position.

What Are The Possible Treatments For Low Blood Pressure?

Treatment for low blood pressure depends on the underlying cause and the severity of the symptoms.

• Lifestyle Adjustments: Increasing salt intake (under medical supervision) and drinking more fluids can help expand blood volume.
• Compression Stockings: These apply pressure to the legs to help improve blood flow back to the heart.
• Medication: If lifestyle changes are insufficient, medications such as fludrocortisone or midodrine may be prescribed to increase blood pressure.
• Pacemaker Implantation: In cases where the condition is caused by a heart rate that is too slow or heart rhythm disorders like heart block, a pacemaker may be required. A pacemaker is a small electronic device implanted under the skin of the chest that sends electrical pulses to the heart to ensure it beats at a normal rate, thereby maintaining adequate blood pressure and preventing fainting spells.

When Should You See A Cardiologist?

You should seek a specialist consultation if you experience frequent dizzy spells, unexplained fainting, or if your low blood pressure is accompanied by chest pain or palpitations. A cardiologist can conduct a thorough evaluation, including an ECG or a Holter monitor, to ensure that your heart is functioning correctly and determine if a pacemaker or other intervention is necessary.

What Are The Estimated Costs For Managing Low Blood Pressure In Singapore?

Treatment costs in 2026 depend on the complexity of the diagnostic tests required.

Note: All private sector prices include 9% GST. Public hospital subsidised rates for Singapore Citizens are significantly lower but vary based on means-testing. The costings provided are estimates and are meant for general reference only. You are advised to consult with healthcare providers to determine the most suitable and cost-effective options for treatment based on your individual health needs and eligibility for subsidies.

Find A Doctor For Low Blood Pressure Treatment

If you are looking for a cardiologist for treatment, you can consider our Preferred Doctors:

• Dr Pinakin V Parekh is a highly respected cardiologist with over 25 years of clinical experience, specialising in the management of complex coronary artery disease and hypertension. His patient-centric approach and deep expertise in vascular health make him a trusted specialist for those seeking to diagnose and manage the underlying cardiovascular conditions. His authoritative background ensures that patients receive the highest standard of evidence-based care.

Dr Pinakin V Parekh

Singapore, Singapore

Trident Heart Centre

Cardiology

[SG] Featured Doctor- Dr Kevin Koo

Orthopaedic Surgeon In Singapore

Take Control Of Your Cardiovascular Health

Managing blood pressure is not a one-size-fits-all journey; it requires consistent monitoring, informed lifestyle choices, and professional medical guidance. Do not wait for symptoms to escalate—schedule a comprehensive heart screening today to gain a clear picture of your cardiovascular health and ensure your heart has the support it needs for the years ahead.

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