Types Of Colon Polyps And Their Cancer Risk Implications

Colon polyps are small growths that form on the inner lining of the colon or rectum. While most are harmless, some can develop into colorectal cancer, one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in Singapore and worldwide. The good news? A colonoscopy can detect and remove these polyps before they turn cancerous, potentially saving your life. If you have not scheduled a colonoscopy or have concerns about your colorectal health, understanding the types of colon polyps and their cancer risks is crucial.

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What Is A Colonoscopy?

A colonoscopy is a procedure where a doctor inserts a thin, flexible tube with a camera into the colon to check for polyps, abnormal tissue, or signs of cancer. If polyps are found, they can be removed immediately and sent for a biopsy to determine their nature. Early detection and removal are key to preventing colon cancer.

Types Of Colon Polyps And Their Cancer Risks

Not all colon polyps are the same—some have little to no risk, while others can be dangerous. Here’s what you need to know about the different types:

1. Hyperplastic Polyps (Low Cancer Risk)

These are small, non-cancerous polyps that commonly appear in the colon, especially in the rectum and sigmoid colon. Hyperplastic polyps are generally harmless and rarely develop into cancer. However, in some cases, if they are found in large numbers, they may indicate an increased risk of colorectal cancer.

2. Adenomatous Polyps (Higher Cancer Risk)

Adenomas are the most common type of precancerous colon polyps. Although not all adenomas become cancerous, their presence increases the risk of colorectal cancer over time. Adenomatous polyps can be further divided into:

• Tubular Adenomas – The most common type, with a lower cancer risk compared to others.
• Villous Adenomas – These have a higher risk of becoming cancerous, especially if they are large.
• Tubulovillous Adenomas – A mix of both types, with a moderate cancer risk.

3. Sessile Serrated Polyps (Moderate To High Cancer Risk)

Sessile serrated polyps (SSPs) look similar to hyperplastic polyps but have a higher risk of turning into colorectal cancer if left untreated. They are often flat and difficult to detect during a colonoscopy, making regular screenings crucial.

4. Traditional Serrated Adenomas (High Cancer Risk)

This rare type of polyp has a high chance of becoming cancerous. Traditional serrated adenomas are more aggressive than other types, and early removal is essential to prevent progression to colorectal cancer.

5. Inflammatory Polyps (Low Cancer Risk)

These polyps are usually found in people with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), such as Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis. While inflammatory polyps themselves do not turn cancerous, long-term inflammation of the colon increases the overall risk of colorectal cancer.

Why Early Detection And Removal Are Crucial

A colonoscopy is more than just a screening tool—it is a preventative measure. If any colon polyps are detected, the doctor can remove them immediately to stop them from developing into cancer. Once removed, the polyps are sent for biopsy to determine whether they are benign, precancerous, or cancerous.

Without early detection, some polyps can grow and develop into life-threatening colorectal cancer over time. This is why routine screenings, especially after the age of 50 (or earlier for those with a family history of colorectal cancer), are essential.

Take Control Of Your Colorectal Health Today

Ignoring colon polyps can lead to serious consequences, but a simple colonoscopy can help prevent colorectal cancer before it starts. If you are experiencing symptoms like changes in bowel habits, rectal bleeding, or unexplained weight loss, don’t wait—schedule a consultation with a colorectal specialist today.

Your health is in your hands. Take the first step towards a cancer-free future by prioritising your colorectal health now. If you are aged 50 and above (or 40 with risk factors such as a family history of colorectal cancer), and have not done a colonoscopy in the past 7 years, you should consider seeing a colorectal specialist for a screening.

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