Shingles Causes, Symptoms And Complications

Shingles, also known as herpes zoster, is a painful rash that develops on one side of the body. In Singapore, it is estimated that there are 30,000 new cases of each year.

The hallmark symptom of shingles is a very painful rash, which can be preceded by itching, tingling, or burning sensations. The rash typically consists of fluid-filled blisters that break open and crust over within 7 to 10 days. Other symptoms may include fever, headache, and fatigue. In some cases, the pain persists even after the rash has healed, a condition known as postherpetic neuralgia (PHN).

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Who Is At Risk?

Anyone who has had chickenpox is at risk of developing shingles. Risk factors include:

• Age: The likelihood increases with age, particularly in individuals over 50.
• Weakened immune system.
• Certain medical conditions (such as HIV/AIDS or cancer) that weakens the immunity system.
• Undergoing of certain treatments like chemotherapy or radiation.
• Stress and trauma are also known to possibly trigger the reactivation of the virus.

What Are The Causes Of Shingles?

Shingles is a viral infection caused by the reactivation of the chickenpox virus (varicella-zoster). After a person recovers from chickenpox, the virus remains in the nervous system in a dormant state. It can reactivate as shingles even decades later. Older adults are more susceptible to shingles due to the natural decline of the immune system with age. The risk of complications, such as PHN, is also higher in this age group. Vaccination is recommended for people aged 50 and older to reduce the risk of developing the condition and its associated complications.

What Are The Potential Shingles Complications?

Shingles can lead to a range of complications. The most common and significant complication is postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). It is a persistent and often severe nerve pain that can last for months or even years after the shingles rash has resolved. It affects quality of life, particularly in older adults. Shingles may also affect the eye, potentially resulting in vision loss if not treated promptly.

The shingles rash may also become infected with bacteria, resulting in conditions such as cellulitis.

In rare situations, shingles may cause neurological complications including nerve palsies, facial paralysis, encephalitis (brain inflammation), meningitis, and myelitis.

In addition, recent studies also suggest an association between shingles and an increased long-term risk of major cardiovascular issues such as stroke and heart attack. This nay potentially be due to inflammation caused by the virus.

The risk and severity of these complications increase with age and are higher in those with weakened immune systems.

Prevention And Treatment

The most effective way to prevent shingles is through vaccination. The Shingrix vaccine from GSK has demonstrated a high degree of effectiveness and is recommended for adults aged 50 and older. In addition, younger people with weakened immune systems should also consider taking the vaccine. Even if someone has already had an outbreak, the vaccine can help prevent future outbreaks.

If shingles does develop, antiviral medications can help reduce the severity and duration of the infection if taken within 72 hours of the rash appearing. Pain relief can be managed with over-the-counter painkillers, prescription medications, or topical treatments.

Get Vaccinated Against Shingles

To avoid the pain and complications associated with Shingles, it is best to avoid it to being with. Treatment, if timely, can also help to reduce the duration and intensity of the infection. Vaccination is a key strategy for managing Shingles. If you or a loved one is at risk, consult with a healthcare professional to discuss vaccination and other preventive measures.

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