Stomach cancer is a major health concern across Asia. Asian populations face a higher stomach cancer risk compared to other ethnic groups. In a publication from the University of Colorado Caner Centre, it is explained that Asians are more likely to suffer Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. H. pylori is a known contributing factor in the development of stomach cancer.
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Understanding The Stomach Cancer Risk In Asia
According to regional health data, stomach cancer is among the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in many Asian countries. In Singapore, men of Chinese ethnicity are especially vulnerable, making stomach cancer one of the top ten most commonly diagnosed cancers in this demographic. Compared to the United States, where incidence rates are relatively low, the lifetime stomach cancer risk for Asian men can be up to eight times higher.
One of the key contributing factors to this heightened risk is the prevalence of H. pylori infection. This bacterium, which colonises the stomach lining, is classified as a Group 1 carcinogen by the World Health Organization. It induces chronic inflammation and can lead to precancerous changes in gastric tissues over time. Although often asymptomatic, untreated H. pylori infection is one of the strongest known risk factors for non-cardia gastric cancer.
Singapore’s Risk Profile
In Singapore, the estimated overall prevalence of H. pylori infection is 31%. However, the risk increases significantly with age — studies suggest that among individuals aged 65 and above, infection rates may be as high as 71%. This is particularly concerning given that age is itself a non-modifiable risk factor for many cancers, including stomach cancer. Combined with the presence of H. pylori, this creates a compounded risk in the elderly population.
Additional risk factors that may increase stomach cancer risk include a high-salt diet, consumption of preserved foods, smoking, and a family history of gastric cancer.
Stomach Cancer Early Detection Through Screening
Early-stage stomach cancer often presents with few or no symptoms, making screening a critical component in reducing stomach cancer risk. In Singapore, people should consider screening options, especially those above 50 or with a family history of stomach cancer.
Two primary screening options available locally are:
- Gastroscopy: A direct visual examination of the stomach lining using a thin, flexible tube. It allows for both detection and biopsy of abnormal tissues.
- GastroClear Blood Test: A non-invasive blood test approved in Singapore that evaluates four gastric cancer biomarkers and H. pylori antibodies to assess risk. It is suitable for individuals looking for an initial risk assessment without undergoing an endoscopy.
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Protecting Your Health Through Awareness
Raising awareness about the stomach cancer risk in Asian populations is crucial. Understanding the role of H. pylori infection and advocating for regular screening — particularly for older adults — can make a significant difference in early detection and treatment outcomes.
If you are over 50 or have risk factors for gastric cancer, consult your healthcare provider about whether screening is appropriate for you. Early action could be life-saving.
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