Colon & Rectal Cancer And Other Colorectal Conditions In Singapore

Common symptoms of colon & rectal cancer may include changes in bowel habits (such as diarrhea, constipation, or narrowing of the stool), persistent abdominal discomfort (cramps, gas, or pain), rectal bleeding or blood in the stool, unexplained weight loss, weakness or fatigue, and a feeling that the bowel doesn’t empty completely. However, early stages may not cause any symptoms.

Risk factors for colon & rectal cancer include being over the age of 50, a personal or family history of colorectal cancer or polyps, inherited genetic syndromes (such as Lynch syndrome or familial adenomatous polyposis), inflammatory bowel diseases (like Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis), a diet high in red or processed meats, a sedentary lifestyle, obesity, smoking, and heavy alcohol use.

Colon & rectal cancer is diagnosed through several methods, including a colonoscopy, during which a flexible tube with a camera is used to examine the entire colon and rectum and take biopsies of any suspicious areas. Other diagnostic tests may include flexible sigmoidoscopy, CT colonography (virtual colonoscopy), fecal occult blood tests (FOBT), fecal immunochemical tests (FIT), and stool DNA tests.

Treatment options for colon & rectal cancer depend on the stage and location of the cancer, as well as the patient’s overall health. Common treatments include surgery to remove the cancer (ranging from local excision to partial or total colectomy), chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. A combination of these treatments may be used, and the specific plan is tailored to each patient’s needs.