Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer In Singapore

Studies have highlighted a trend of early onset colorectal cancer. Colorectal cancer is once considered a disease that affects mainly people above the age of 50. Evidence now shows that it is increasingly being diagnosed in people under 50. Early onset colorectal cancer can be especially disruptive as patients are often at the prime of their lives. These are the years typically devoted to building careers, starting families, and pursuing personal growth. The financial burden can also be considerable. In addition to medical expenses, patients face the prospect of lost income and long-term care needs.

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Global And Local Trends For Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer

Early onset colorectal cancer (affecting people in the 25-49 age group) is coming more common in over half of the 50 countries studied by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. This trend had been observed since the mid-1990s in higher-income nations like the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia. However, this is also seen more recently in countries in Asia, such as Japan, South Korea, and Thailand. The rise in colorectal cancer in younger adults is contrasted with declining or stabilising rates among older populations.

Singapore was not included in the above study. However, we share similar demographic, dietary, and lifestyle characteristics with countries where early onset colorectal cancer is surging. Hence, it is expected to be rising in Singapore as well.

Possible Causes Of Early Onset Colorectal Cancer

The exact reasons behind the rise of early onset colorectal cancer are still being studied. However, multiple overlapping factors may be contributing to it:

• Dietary Changes: Diets high in red and processed meats, sugar, and ultra-processed foods, are known to increase the risk of cancer. This is especially so when combined with low intake of fibre. Increased alcohol consumption in younger adults may also be a contributing factor.
• Sedentary Lifestyle: A lack of physical activity can contribute to obesity and metabolic syndromes. This in turn elevates the risk of cancer.
• Obesity: Rising childhood and adolescent obesity rates have a correlation with increased lifetime risk of colorectal cancer.
• Diabetes Mellitus – This chronic condition is on the rise in Singapore. It is associated with an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer.

Early Onset Colorectal Cancer Tumour Biology And Prognosis

Early onset colorectal cancer tumours often show distinct biological characteristics compared to colorectal cancer in older adults. They are more aggressive cancers, and have an increased likelihood of presenting at advanced stages due to delayed diagnosis. However, when detected early, prognosis can still remain favourable. This underscores the importance of regular colorectal screening starting at an earlier age.

How Genetic Risk And Family History Plays A Role

Early onset colorectal cancer cases is often associated with inherited genetic mutations such as Lynch syndrome or familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). People with a family history of colorectal cancer, especially in first-degree relatives diagnosed before age 60, should get screened earlier. Genetic counselling and testing are in addition useful tools in managing inherited cancer risk.

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Prevention And Awareness Of Early Onset Colorectal Cancer

Preventing early onset colorectal cancer requires an approach combining lifestyle changes, early detection, and education.

1. Maintain A Healthy Diet

• Ensure you have a sufficient intake of whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and legumes.
• Limit your intake of red and processed meats, sugary beverages, and ultra-processed foods.
• Ensure you get a sufficient intake of high-fibre foods as they support a healthy gut microbiome.

2. Maintain An Active Lifestyle

• You should get at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise per week.
• Avoid prolonged sedentary behaviour.

3. Monitor Your Body Weight

• Maintain a healthy BMI to reduce the risk of multiple chronic diseases, including cancer.

4. Be Aware Of Your Family History

• Inform your doctor of any family history of colorectal or related cancers.
• Consider genetic screening if there is a pattern of early-onset cancers in your family.

5. Do Not Ignore Colorectal Cancer Symptoms

• Early symptoms like rectal bleeding, unexplained weight loss, abdominal pain, or changes in bowel habits should never be dismissed. See a doctor or colorectal specialist for followup.

Our Preferred Doctors (Colorectal Surgeon) For Colorectal Cancer Treatment

Seeking for a colorectal specialist? You can consider our Preferred Doctors (colorectal surgeon)

COLORECTAL SURGEON

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Get A Consultation Regarding Your Colorectal Cancer Concerns

Cancer is a disease that is best detected early before it becomes advanced and more difficult to treat. Changing lifestyles in Singapore makes colorectal cancer a threat not only to older adults, but to younger ones too. If you are concerned about your family history, symptoms, or risk factors for colorectal cancer, seek a consultation with a colorectal specialist today.

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